Eczema is a chronic skin disease characterized by dry, red, and itchy skin. It typically appears around the arms, elbows, and knees; however, it can show up anywhere. As the condition can flare up due to various triggers, it is vital to understand its nature and how to treat it. This article provides a guide to everything one needs to know about eczema, from its causes and symptoms to treatment options and helpful management tips.

What is eczema?
Eczema is a skin condition that can be both painful and itchy. It can also be embarrassing, as it often appears as a rash on the face, hands, or other visible areas of the body. Because eczema weakens your skin’s barrier, you’re also more susceptible to infection.

Is eczema contagious?
There is no scientific evidence to support the idea that eczema is contagious. There are some reports of people with eczema who have also had close family members with it, but these cases are rare and not always linked. Something in the person’s environment (such as dust mites or other allergens) may trigger the condition in someone who has never had it before.

Symptoms of eczema
Eczema is a skin condition that can be extremely frustrating for those who suffer from it. Its symptoms can vary, but they typically include dry, cracked skin that may or may not ooze with a clear liquid. Eczema is often accompanied by redness and swelling, and it’s common for the skin to become infected. If left untreated, the condition can lead to further skin damage and scarring. Many treatments are available for people with eczema, but the best approach depends on the individual’s symptoms and preferences.

Different types of eczema
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks its healthy skin cells. AD often starts in early childhood and becomes more severe over time.
Contact dermatitis (CD) occurs when the skin reacts to something you come into contact with, such as cosmetics, detergents, or other irritants. CD may also occur after exposure to sunlight or certain types of fabrics.
Dyshidrotic eczema (DE) is a form of CD that causes excessive sweating and blisters on the hands and feet. DE most commonly affects people who are occupationally exposed to water or oil-based chemicals.
Nummular eczema is the most common form of eczema, and it typically occurs in areas like the face, neck, chest, and hands. People with this type of eczema often have red patches filled with fluid (nummules). These nymphs may also cause itching or pain.
Seborrheic dermatitis is another common type of eczema. This condition usually appears in areas where sweat accumulates, including the forehead, cheeks, nose, upper lip, chin area, and sideburns. The skin becomes thickened and scaly due to an overproduction of sebum (a natural oil). Seborrheic dermatitis can be very uncomfortable and challenging to treat.
Stasis dermatitis is a rare but severe form of eczema that develops when clogged pores in the skin trap water for long periods (stasis), leading to inflammation.
Neurodermatitis is a category that includes conditions like chronic urticaria (hives) and contact hypersensitivity syndrome (CHS).

Causes of eczema
There are many potential causes of eczema, but the most common ones include exposure to unfavorable environmental conditions (such as pollution and allergens), chemical additives, certain fabrics (such as wool), and dust mites. All of these factors can trigger the skin condition in people who are genetically predisposed to it. However, there is no one-size-fits-all solution – each person’s experience with eczema will be different based on their circumstances. That’s why it’s essential to talk to your doctor about your symptoms and see if they can identify any possible causes. Understanding your triggers and taking steps to avoid them can help you manage the condition and reduce the frequency of flare-ups.

Complications of eczema
Skin infections are one of the most common complications of eczema. The constant scratching and rubbing associated with the condition can damage the skin and make it more susceptible to infection. If you have eczema, it’s essential to keep your skin clean and moisturized to help prevent infection. You need to avoid scratching as much as possible. If you develop a skin infection, it’s essential to see your doctor immediately so it can be treated properly.
Asthma is another potential complication of eczema. People with it are more likely to develop asthma than those without the condition. If you have the skin disease, it’s essential to be aware of the signs and symptoms of asthma to get treatment if necessary.
Food allergies are also a potential complication of eczema. People with eczema may be more likely to develop food allergies because their skin barrier is not functioning properly. This means that allergens can enter the body.

Diagnosis of eczema
Patch testing can be a helpful tool in diagnosing eczema and identifying potential triggers. It involves applying small amounts of suspected allergens to the skin and observing for a reaction.

This test can help determine if a particular substance is causing or worsening your eczema symptoms. If you have eczema, talk to your doctor about whether patch testing is right for you.

Treatment of eczema
Light therapy is a great way to help relieve eczema symptoms and improve your skin’s health overall. It involves using special lamps or devices that shine ultraviolet (UV) light on your skin to reduce inflammation and improve the appearance of your skin.
Wet dressings are another popular treatment for eczema. They involve applying a solution containing water, oil, or glycerin to your skin to soothe it and promote healing.
Counseling can also be helpful for people with eczema. It can help you learn how to manage your condition effectively and cope with stressors that may aggravate it.

If you have eczema and need help finding the right treatment plan, consult with your doctor to find the best solution. It is recommended to also change your meal plans if they mainly consist of oily and fatty foods. Stay hydrated and have more healthy food options to aid treatment.