The thyroid is a tiny butterfly-shaped gland in the neck, which produces hormones that help regulate metabolism. Thyroid cancer occurs when the cells in this gland grow and divide uncontrollably, forming a tumor. This post discusses the disorder’s types, causes, and silent symptoms that some might otherwise overlook. With this information on hand, individuals will be able to assess their level of risk, recognize potential symptoms early, and take steps toward prevention as needed.

Types of thyroid cancer
Determining the type of thyroid cancer can help better manage the symptoms and seek appropriate treatment. The common types are:

Papillary thyroid cancer
It is the most commonly found thyroid cancer, affecting around 80 percent of patients with this health condition. However, it typically grows slowly, is unlikely to spread, and is often curable.

Follicular thyroid cancer
This type of cancer arises from the follicular cells in the thyroid gland. It accounts for approximately ten percent of cases and may be more aggressive than papillary thyroid cancer.

Medullary thyroid cancer
It is a rare condition that develops in the parafollicular C cells of the gland, which produce and accelerate a hormone called calcitonin. This hormone is often present in increased amounts in people with thyroid cancer.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer
This is perhaps the rarest but most aggressive type, which quickly spreads to other parts of the neck and body. As a result, it is often difficult to treat.

Causes and risk factors of thyroid cancer
The following are a few factors that can increase a person’s chances of developing the condition:

Exposure to radiation
Radiation exposure, especially during childhood, increases the risk of thyroid cancer. One must try to stay away from radiation released by nuclear accidents and be cautious while undergoing health procedures involving radiation.

Family history
People with a family history of thyroid cancer are at a higher risk of developing the disease. Such individuals should go for regular screening tests to rule out the condition and be on the lookout for its symptoms.

Gender
Thyroid cancer is more prevalent in women than in men. However, health scientists have found no biological reason for this occurrence.

Age
Thyroid cancer can occur at any age, but it is more common in people over 40. Hence, older adults and seniors should look out for its symptoms.

Lack of iodine in the body
A lack of iodine in meals has been linked to an increased risk of certain types of this disorder. Thus, individuals must add more eggs, dairy products, seaweed, and iodized salt to food to lower their susceptibility.

Acromegaly
Acromegaly, an endocrine disorder caused by excessive growth hormone production, can increase a person’s risk of thyroid cancer. Due to excess growth hormones and other hormones released from tumors, chemicals in the body that usually control cell growth and division become unbalanced. As a result, cells in the thyroid gland grow faster and start sticking together instead of separating after forming new cells. This can lead to faulty cell division, transforming into cancer over time.

Various variables can contribute to the development of thyroid cancer, from genetics to the environment and food. Individuals should be aware of these factors and take steps to avoid the condition.

Silent warning signs of thyroid cancer
The condition may not always cause noticeable symptoms in the early stages. However, some silent warning signs may indicate its presence. Individuals should look out for the following:

Lump or swelling in the neck
A lump or swelling in the neck is the most common symptom. The lump may be located on one side of the neck or in the middle and can be felt when one swallows or tilts the head backward. Usually, thyroid nodules are benign and not cancerous, but a healthcare expert must evaluate any lump or swelling in the neck to rule out thyroid cancer.

Difficulty swallowing
Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can occur when a tumor presses against the esophagus or windpipe. It can cause a sensation of fullness in the throat or make it difficult to swallow solid foods.

Hoarseness or voice changes
A thyroid tumor can affect vocal cords and cause hoarseness or other changes in the voice. While this is a symptom of thyroid cancer, other conditions like laryngitis or acid reflux also affect a person’s voice.

Neck pain
Neck, throat, or ear pain is a rare symptom of this disorder. Since poor posture, physical strain, or injury can also cause pain in these areas, one should visit a healthcare professional to determine the cause.

Enlarged lymph nodes
Thyroid cancer can cause the lymph nodes in the neck to swell and become tender. Enlarged lymph nodes indicate that the immune system is fighting an infection or illness but may also be a sign of cancer.

The warning signs mentioned above may be benign or caused by other conditions. Experiencing one or more of these symptoms does not necessarily mean one has thyroid cancer. However, it is vital to see a doctor if such discomforts manifest. Those in high-risk groups, such as women, seniors, and people with a family history, should go for regular checkups. It provides peace of mind and helps catch the disease before it spreads to other body parts.

Treatment for thyroid cancer can differ from person to person, depending on the symptoms and severity. It typically involves surgery to remove the thyroid gland or part of it, sometimes followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy. In most cases, thyroid cancer can be successfully treated with early detection, and many patients go on to live long and healthy lives. Still, one should be aware of the risk factors and recognize potential warning signs to prevent the disorder from developing in the first place.